教育会成为电子显示器的下一个巨大市场吗

教育会成为电子显示器的下一个巨大市场吗

By Sri Peruvemba, Chair of Marketing, The Society for Information Display (SID)

作者：SriPeruvemba，国际信息显示学会（SID）市场主席

翻译：SID China

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/25c5hEnZrEiW74B9SpizeA

For many of us, going to school meant filling backpacks and school lockers with big piles of books and binders overflowing with notebooks. Even today, most schools rely on traditional textbooks that are frequently outdated by the time they’re researched, written, printed and circulated. Budget-strained schools are faced with buying expensive, updated books every few years. Besides offering limited, often obsolete information, books usually only capture the thoughts of a single author. While this is not a big issue for subjects like Math or Chemistry, it is a significant problem when the topic is business or technology. Fortunately, help is at hand.

    对我们许多人来说，上学意味着装满各种书本、笔记本和活页夹的书包和储物柜。甚至在今天，大多数的学校仍依赖于传统课本，而这些课本在调研，编译，印刷和分发时经常已经过时。经费不足的学校常面临着一个尴尬的情况——因为课本的更新换代，学校每几年就要购买昂贵的新书。除了提供有限，经常过时的信息以外，课本通常只捕捉一个作者的想法。虽然像是数学物理一类的课程并没有受到很大的影响，而对于商业或者技术一类来说，这引发的问题足以引起我们的重视。幸运的是，解决办法近在咫尺。

Satisfying the Need for Diverse Up-to-Date Content

满足获取各种最新内容的需求

    The move is on to finally give students access to current, diverse content via text, video, and audio. Educators worldwide and those in developing countries are eager for their students to access the vast library systems of the first world, to the classroom content at MIT or Oxford, to the news about NASA’s latest discoveries from the previous week. It’s no wonder classroom learning is undergoing a complete transformation, spearheaded by a growing demand for electronic reading devices in schools. Devices like eSchoolbooks help teachers impart knowledge to students. With eSchoolbooks, all information is synchronized. Students can write on their screens and respond to a teacher or another student’s ideas in real time. They can also go online to watch the most current videos or news on virtually any topic suggested by their teacher, using eSchoolbook devices.

    这项行动的最终目的是使学生通过文本，视频和音频获取最近的各种消息。世界各地和发展中国家的教育家们热衷于为他们的学生提供各种渠道：第一世界的庞大的图书馆系统，MIT和牛津的课堂内容和NASA在一周前的最近发现。不难奇怪，课堂学习正在经历一个完全的转变，学校的电子阅读服务一跃成为领先需求。比如电子教科书帮助教师传授知识给学生。使用电子教科书，可以同步所有信息。学生可以在屏幕上书写，并且实时回复教师或者和另一个学生交流。面对教师的课题要求，他们可以上网查阅最新的视频新闻，使用电子教科书。

China’s Huge Display Market

中国庞大的显示市场 

    With its 200+ million students, China is taking the lead in digital learning. Tablets in the form of eSchoolbooks are already in use here. Although currently limited, more than 100 companies are developing products that embrace this new vehicle for learning. The push toward eSchoolbooks is driven by several factors, not the least of which is the growing environmental concern over the nine million trees that are cut each year in China, for paper textbooks. Understandably, China is the single biggest eSchoolbook market in the world – and it’s a market that has government support. They have the will, the resources and the ability to make dramatic changes that can lead the world in education.

    拥有超过2亿学生的中国在数字学习上处于领先地位。这里已经使用了电子书形式的平板电脑。尽管目前有限，但是超过100家公司正在着力研发这类采用新型学习工具的产品。推动电子教科书的原因有几个个方面，最重要的是中国每年因纸质书籍要砍掉九百多万树木的环境问题。可以理解，中国是世界上最大的电子教科书市场，而且政府鼎力支持。他们有意愿、有资源，也有能力做出意想不到的改变，引领全球教育。

India Ramping Up 

印度加速赶上 

    India isn’t far behind China in its eagerness to embrace digital-based education. India’s digital learning market was estimated at $2 billion USD in 2016. Three factors fuel this technology-based transformation. The first is robust demand, generated by over two million schools, 35,000 colleges, and 40 million seats in vocational training centers; the need for smart classrooms has never been greater. Schools in tier two and tier three cities are increasingly adopting the latest classroom technologies. There’s also heavy policy support, with the Indian government planning to liberalize the setup of digital classrooms through various government initiatives. The goal here is to grow the digital education market. And finally, there’s the impetus of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment). From 2000 to 2016, more than $1.3 billion USD FDI has been pumped into India’s education sector, with most investment focusing on digital and tech-related initiatives.

    印度在加强数字基础教育上的雄心并不逊于中国。印度的数字化学习市场在2016年间估计为2亿美元。促成这种基于技术的转变有以下三个原因：第一是巨大的需求。超过2百万的学校，35000间学院以及4亿个职业培训中心的名额引发了强烈的需求。对智能化教室的需求比以往任何时候都大。二三级学校正逐渐采用最近的课堂技术。同样的，印度也有政策上的支持。印度政府计划通过各种政府举措来开发数字化教室的设置。其目的是发展数字化教育的市场。最后，还有来自国外的直接投资。从2000年到2016年，超过1.3亿美元的国外直接投资被注入印度教育部门，其中大部分投资集中在数字和技术有关的举措上。

The US Has Enormous Potential

美国拥有极大潜力 

    While the US market for eSchoolbooks in education shows a vast untapped potential, adoption depends on local authorities making deals with commercial eSchoolbook suppliers. A $64.5M deal between New York City schools included content for one million devices. While this underscores the potential of the total US market, it also reveals the fragmented nature of a market driven by local and state initiatives.

    尽管美国的电子教科书市场显示出极大的开发潜力，但这取决于地方政府以及电子教科书的供应商之间的交易。纽约市学校之间的一项价值6450万美元的交易包括一百万台设备。虽然这突显了美国市场的潜力，但也揭示了由地方和国家举措驱动的市场的分散性。

    A recent Zion Market Research report notes that video-based content in the U.S. education industry is estimated to account for the highest CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 5.1% from 2018 to 2026. Video-based content will be increasingly adopted as it facilitates faster thinking, improves problem-solving skills, and reduces training cost and time. The enhanced features in interactive displays led to their major adoption in the U.S. education market. Video-based content will be in high demand, with this segment registering the highest growth rate. Technology-enabled education also dovetails nicely with a generation of tech-savvy school children raised on video games and mobile computing.

    最近的一份Zion市场研究报告指出，据估计，2018年至2026年，美国教育行业基于视频的内容占了5.1 %的最高复合年增长率。美国将加大采用视频内容，因为它有助于大脑高速运转，提高解决问题的能力，并减少培训成本和时间。交互式显示器的增强功能使其在美国教育市场得到了广泛应用。视频内容将会受到大家的欢迎，而这一部分的增长率也保持在最高。科技教育也适合精通科技的学生，毕竟这类学生在电子游戏和移动计算中长大。

Educators Ted Hasselbring and Candyce Williams Glaser note that computer technology has enhanced the development of sophisticated devices acting as an equalizer by freeing many students from their disabilities––everything from speech and hearing impairments to blindness and severe physical disabilities. See “Use of Computer Technology To Help Students with Special Needs.”

  教育家Ted Hasselbring 和 Candyce Williams Glaser指出，计算机技术能够让许多学生摆脱残疾，这里指的是语言和听力障碍到失明和严重的身体残疾。这促进了作为均衡器的复杂设备的发展。参见“使用计算机技术帮助有特殊需要的学生”

Helping Underserved Children Worldwide

帮助全球失学儿童 

    Digital technology has the potential to dramatically expand access to education to the underserved children worldwide. Half of the world’s 50 million refugees are under the age of 18 and are displaced from their homes for an average of 17 years with little or no access to education. Here the issue is not just non-availability of educational materials but there aren’t enough teachers let alone qualified educators in remote parts of the world. Shortage of teachers in remote towns is not just a third world issue, many parts of Europe and North America also lack qualified teachers.

数字技术有可能让世界各地的失学儿童重新得到教育的机会。世界上5000万难民中有一半不到18岁，难民平均17年的时间都在流离失所，很少或根本没有机会接受教育。这里的问题不仅仅是没有教材，而是没有足够的教师，更不用说世界偏远地区合格的教育工作者了。偏远城镇教师短缺不仅仅是第三世界的问题，欧洲和北美的许多地区也缺乏合格的教师。

    Imagine kids in remote parts of the world being able to access content from the very best educators in the world, via video clips, via animation and audio.

    想象一下在偏远地区的孩子们能够从视频剪辑，动画和音频中获得教育，而这些内容由世界上最好的教育家编写。

    In India, for example, with its rapidly expanding youth (28 million added annually), more than half of its population is under 25. The nation struggles to educate these children, especially when 65 percent live in rural areas. The problem is compounded by a dearth of teachers, teacher absenteeism, and poor teacher quality. Digital aids have recently entered the picture to confront the challenges plaguing the education system. Digital India initiatives like eBasta make digital education via tablets and computers accessible to students in rural areas. Digital learning can help develop critical thinking skills and make students comfortable with technology. (See the full article: “5 problems with teachers in rural areas which are blocking India's educational growth.”)

    比如，在印度，青年人口迅速发展（每年增加2亿8千万的人口），超过半数的人口在25岁以下。这个国家尽力让这些儿童得到教育，尤其在农村地区有65%的儿童。教师的短缺、缺勤以及教师本身的素质低使问题变得更加复杂。最近，数字化帮助的出现缓解了困扰已久的教育系统的问题。像eBasta这样的数字化印度措施使得农村地区的学生可以通过平板电脑和计算机获得数字化教育。数字化学习有助于培养批判性思维技能，让学生不再对技术无所适从。(见全文:“5个阻碍印度教育发展的农村教师问题。”)

    Two Colorado schools are bridging the technological divide between urban and rural classrooms. The STEM School Highlands Ranch use video and teleconferencing to reach across about 100 miles of prairie to the 100-student Arickaree School District. This use of “synchronous online education” gives smaller rural schools access to the most recent technology. To communicate with the STEM SCHOOL, a state-of-the-art video conferencing camera was installed in the Arickaree School, which rests on Colorado’s high prairie east of Denver. High-tech, remote learning lets one teacher reach students in different classrooms in virtually every part of the state. Synchronous online learning lets teachers anywhere connect with students everywhere. (See the full article: “Could technology help solve Colorado’s rural teacher shortage problem?”)

    科罗拉多的两所学校正在消除城乡教室之间的技术鸿沟。STEM School高地牧场使用视频和电话会议，穿越大约100英里的草原到达有100名学生的aricare学区。这种“同步在线教育”的使用使较小的农村学校能够获取最新技术。为了与STEM学校沟通，在位于科罗拉多州丹佛以东的高草原上的arickare学校安装了一台先进的视频会议摄像机。高科技、远程学习让一名教师接触到该州几乎每一个地方不同教室的学生。同步在线学习让任何地方的老师都能与任何地方的学生联系。(见全文:“技术能帮助解决科罗拉多州农村教师短缺的问题吗？”？”)

China’s rural poor face similar challenges with fewer teachers willing to take jobs in remote and impoverished areas. As many as 60 million “left-behind” children are either poorly educated or insufficiently educated at home. In the past, these rural students used textbooks that had not been updated for a decade and their teachers were past retirement age. Today many rural students attend virtual classes, classes that develop their online research skills teach them how to create slides and videos. (See the full article: “Could online classrooms be the answer to teacher shortage in rural China?”)

    中国农村地区的贫困人口面临着相似的窘境，几乎没有多少教师愿意留在偏远贫穷地区工作。大约有6亿的儿童在教育上被远远甩在后面，他们基本接受不到教育或者接收不完全教育。在过去，这些贫穷地区的孩子使用过时10年的课本，而且他们的教师也已经过了退休年龄。今天，许多农村学生参加虚拟课程，开发在线研究技能的课程教他们如何制作幻灯片和视频。(见全文:“在线教室能解决中国农村教师短缺的问题吗？”？”)

Addressing the Challenges of Emissive Displays

解决自发光显示的挑战 

 Medical professionals have long expressed concern over young children using emissive displays, which may harm their eyesight. But several device manufacturers now offer blue light filters for these displays. In Canada, some insurers even offer free prescription glasses that filter blue light. To further assuage concerns over blue light, there’s Reflective ePaper for eSchoolbooks. It beats out LCD and OLED displays in power consumption and outdoor readability.  Newer ePaper technology adds video and color, which are ideal for eSchoolbook applications.

    医疗专业人士长期以来对那些处在自发光显示环境中的幼儿表示担忧，这有可能会损害他们的眼睛。但是一些设备制造商现在为这些显示器提供蓝光滤光器。在加拿大，一些保险公司甚至提供过滤蓝光的免费处方药眼镜。为了进一步缓解对蓝光的担忧，escool books有一个反射电子纸。它在功耗和室外可读性方面胜过LCD和OLED显示器。更新的ePaper技术增加了视频和颜色，非常适合escoolbook应用。

 In addition, eWriting surfaces continued to evolve, with new products like reMarkable's Paper Tablet, which offers lag-free reading, writing and sketching experience using an ePaper display unencumbered by an OS or apps.

    此外，eWriting surfaces还在不断发展，并推出了一些新产品，比如reMarkable的纸质平板电脑，它使用ePaper显示器,让用户享受到不受操作系统或应用程序阻碍的阅读、写作和素描体验。

    The Rise in Myopia: Is Excessive Reading to Blame?

    近视比例上涨：是自发光显示器的责任吗

    The world has been gripped by an unprecedented rise in myopia (short-sightedness). It’s estimated that up to 90% of Chinese teenagers and young adults are impaired. Myopia now affects around half of the young adults in the United States and Europe — double the prevalence of half a century ago. Some estimate that one-third of the world's population — 2.5 billion people — could be affected by myopia by the end of this decade.  

    全球的近视比例史无前例地上升，这一情况令人困扰。据估计，多达90 %的中国青少年和年轻人受到伤害。近视现在影响着美国和欧洲大约一半的年轻人——是半个世纪前的两倍。一些人估计，到本世纪末，世界人口的三分之一——25亿——可能会受到近视的影响。

    Some blame the rise of myopia on more people using emissive display screens on mobile phones, laptops, and monitors. The close proximity at which we use these screens strains the eye. But there may be another explanation. After studying more than 4,000 children at Sydney primary and secondary schools for three years, researchers found that children who spent less time outside were at greater risk of developing myopia. What seemed to matter most was the eye's exposure to bright light. So how does bright light prevent myopia? The leading hypothesis is that light stimulates the release of dopamine in the retina, and this neurotransmitter, in turn, blocks the elongation of the eye during development. Retinal dopamine normally ramps up during the day, telling the eye to switch from rod-based, nighttime vision to cone-based, daytime vision. Researchers now suspect that under dim (typically indoor) lighting, the cycle is disrupted, leading to consequences for eye growth. (See Myopia Boom)

    一些人将近视比例的上升归咎于手机、平板，控制器上的自发光显示屏幕。我们使用这些屏幕的距离太近会使眼睛受到伤害。但可能还有另一种解释。在悉尼中小学对4000多名儿童进行了三年的研究后，研究人员发现，外出时间越少的儿童患近视的风险越大。最重要的似乎是眼睛暴露在明亮的光线下。那么明亮的光线是如何预防近视呢？最主要的假设是光刺激视网膜中多巴胺的释放，而这种神经递质反过来会阻碍眼睛在发育过程中的伸长。 视网膜多巴胺通常在白天缓慢上升，告诉眼睛从基于视杆的夜间视力转换为基于视锥的白天视觉。 研究人员现在怀疑在昏暗（通常是室内）照明下，周期被破坏，导致眼睛生长的后果。 （见近视热潮）

    Clearly, digital technology is transforming education as much as Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press did nearly 600 years ago. The need for eye-safe digital displays both inside and outside the classroom has never been greater. Perhaps most importantly, digital displays place vast silos of current information in the palms of those who need it most—our children. Without education, the poor might be getting poorer and the gap between the haves and have-nots will continue to widen until there is an unfortunate ‘reset’, when we might see unpleasant history repeating itself.

    显然，数字技术正在逐渐改变接近600年的Johannes Gutenberg的印刷式教育。在教室内外，保护眼睛的数字显示器的需求从没像现在这么大过。也许更重要的是，数字显示器将大量的当前信息存储在最需要信息的人——我们的孩子手中。没有教育，穷人会更穷，并且穷人与富人之间的差距将会愈来愈大，直到发生不幸的重置，而我们也可能看到历史不幸重演。

    Editor’s Note: Sri Peruvemba is a Board Member and Chair of Marketing of The Society for Information Display (SID), the only professional organization focused on the display industry. In fact, by exclusively focusing on the advancement of electronic display technology, SID provides a unique platform for industry collaboration, communication, and training in all related technologies while showcasing the industry's best new products.  Display Week 2019 will be held May 12-16, 2019, in San Jose, CA. For more information, visit www.displayweek.org.

    编者注: Sri Peruvemba是国际信息显示学会( SID )的董事会成员和市场主席，该学会是专注于显示行业的唯一专业组织。事实上，通过专注于电子显示技术的进步，SID为所有相关技术的行业合作、交流和培训提供了一个独特的平台，同时展示了行业最好的新产品。2019显示周将于2019年5月12日至16日在加利福尼亚州圣何塞举行。有关更多信息，请访问www.displayweek.org。